Hix, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 4.3 Regional Integration in Economics
With the speeding up of reform and opening up and the participation of Chinese higher education into a regional bilateral or multilateral economy, culture and education cooperation increases, so it is becoming more urgent to constantly improve the internationalization of Chinese higher education which not only should conduct communication and cooperation with the counterparts from the developed nations and regions, but also adapt to the tide of regional economic integration, adopting more open and flexible policies to strengthen communication and cooperation with the counterparts from surrounding nations and regions, to promote international communication of students and teaching staff among regions, to encourage and support colleges and universities to conduct talent development and academic exchange programs, and to promote the mutual recognition of academic credits, diplomas and degrees among regions. As an important part of the integration of the regional economy, culture and education, the internationalization of higher education plays a significant role in regional social and economic development, higher education reform and talent development quality. Since the 1990s, regional economic cooperation has seen rapid development, promoting the process of regional economic integration as well as driving the communication and cooperation among nations and regions in culture and education. Trade with Andorra of agricultural products (chapters 01 to 24) is not in scope of the UK- EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement and takes place under WTO terms.Hong Zhu, Shiyan Lou, in Development and Reform of Higher Education in China, 2011 Active integration into the regional economy, culture and education These products benefit from zero tariffs, where they meet the relevant rules of origin. This will only hold if Andorra and San Marino apply to UK products the same preferences as the EU applies to them. Under the UK- EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the UK and the EU have agreed that the following be treated as originating in the EU:Īll non-agricultural products (chapters 25 to 97) originating in Andorra. Trade with countries in a customs union with the EUĪndorra and San Marino are members of the EU Customs Union. Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique ( SACUM) trade blocġ) Source of trade statistics: ONS UK total trade: all countries, seasonally adjusted July to September 2022.Ģ) This agreement is open to accession by other members of East African Community.
Total UK trade with countries, 2021 (£ million) (1)Įastern and Southern Africa (ESA) trade blocĩ73 (total for Eastern and Southern Africa trade bloc) Provisional application has legal effect. This means the effects or specified provisions of the agreement are applied before the agreement has formally entered into force. Some of these agreements are subject to provisional application. The UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement treaty covers all UK trade with the EU.īusinesses can trade under agreements with the following countries and trade blocs. This page does not cover trading with the EU.
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